Dockerize PostgreSQL
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在Docker上安装PostgreSQL
假设在Docker Hub上没有适合您需求的Docker映像，您可以自己创建一个。
首先创建一个新的Dockerfile：
注意：此PostgreSQL设置仅用于开发目的。请参考PostgreSQL文档来微调这些设置，以使其适当安全。
# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
FROM ubuntu:16.04
# Add the PostgreSQL PGP key to verify their Debian packages.
# It should be the same key as https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc
RUN apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys B97B0AFCAA1A47F044F244A07FCC7D46ACCC4CF8
# Add PostgreSQL's repository. It contains the most recent stable release
# of PostgreSQL.
RUN echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ precise-pgdg main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list
# Install ``python-software-properties``, ``software-properties-common`` and PostgreSQL 9.3
# There are some warnings (in red) that show up during the build. You can hide
# them by prefixing each apt-get statement with DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y python-software-properties software-properties-common postgresql-9.3 postgresql-client-9.3 postgresql-contrib-9.3
# Note: The official Debian and Ubuntu images automatically ``apt-get clean``
# after each ``apt-get``
# Run the rest of the commands as the ``postgres`` user created by the ``postgres-9.3`` package when it was ``apt-get installed``
USER postgres
# Create a PostgreSQL role named ``docker`` with ``docker`` as the password and
# then create a database `docker` owned by the ``docker`` role.
# Note: here we use ``&&\`` to run commands one after the other - the ``\``
# allows the RUN command to span multiple lines.
RUN /etc/init.d/postgresql start &&\
psql --command "CREATE USER docker WITH SUPERUSER PASSWORD 'docker';" &&\
createdb -O docker docker
# Adjust PostgreSQL configuration so that remote connections to the
# database are possible.
RUN echo "host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5" >> /etc/postgresql/9.3/main/pg_hba.conf
# And add ``listen_addresses`` to ``/etc/postgresql/9.3/main/postgresql.conf``
RUN echo "listen_addresses='*'" >> /etc/postgresql/9.3/main/postgresql.conf
# Expose the PostgreSQL port
EXPOSE 5432
# Add VOLUMEs to allow backup of config, logs and databases
VOLUME ["/etc/postgresql", "/var/log/postgresql", "/var/lib/postgresql"]
# Set the default command to run when starting the container
CMD ["/usr/lib/postgresql/9.3/bin/postgres", "-D", "/var/lib/postgresql/9.3/main", "-c", "config_file=/etc/postgresql/9.3/main/postgresql.conf"]
从Dockerfile构建映像并为其分配名称。
$ docker build -t eg_postgresql .
运行PostgreSQL服务器容器（在前台）：
$ docker run --rm -P --name pg_test eg_postgresql
有两种连接到PostgreSQL服务器的方法。我们可以使用 Link Containers，也可以从主机（或网络）访问它。
注意：
--rm当容器成功退出时，删除容器及其图像。
使用容器链接
可以--link remote_name:local_alias在客户端的中
直接将容器链接到另一个容器的端口
docker run。这将设置许多环境变量，然后可以将其用于连接：
$ docker run --rm -t -i --link pg_test:pg eg_postgresql bash
postgres@7ef98b1b7243:/$ psql -h $PG_PORT_5432_TCP_ADDR -p $PG_PORT_5432_TCP_PORT -d docker -U docker --password
从您的主机系统连接
假设您已安装postgresql-client，则也可以使用主机映射的端口进行测试。您需要使用docker ps
首先找出容器映射到的本地主机端口：
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5e24362f27f6 eg_postgresql:latest /usr/lib/postgresql/ About an hour ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:49153->5432/tcp pg_test
$ psql -h localhost -p 49153 -d docker -U docker --password
测试数据库
身份验证并docker =#
提示后，您可以创建一个表格并填充它。
psql (9.3.1)
Type "help" for help.
$ docker=# CREATE TABLE cities (
docker(# name varchar(80),
docker(# location point
docker(# );
CREATE TABLE
$ docker=# INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('San Francisco', '(-194.0, 53.0)');
INSERT 0 1
$ docker=# select * from cities;
name | location
---------------+-----------
San Francisco | (-194,53)
(1 row)
使用容器卷
您可以使用定义的卷来检查PostgreSQL日志文件并备份您的配置和数据：
$ docker run --rm --volumes-from pg_test -t -i busybox sh
/ # ls
bin etc lib linuxrc mnt proc run sys usr
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin tmp var
/ # ls /etc/postgresql/9.3/main/
environment pg_hba.conf postgresql.conf
pg_ctl.conf pg_ident.conf start.conf
/tmp # ls /var/log
ldconfig postgresql